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四六级阅读突破口：关注首段和首末句
2008-05-23 09:49:05
根据全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案，全国大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会设计了四级考试新题型测试卷，并于近日公布。在样卷中，仔细阅读部分(Reading in Depth)占整张试卷分值的25%。考试题型又分为两种：A) 选择题型的篇章阅读理解；B) 篇章层次的词汇理解 (Banked Cloze) 或短句问答 (Short Answer Question)。笔者仔细研究了样题，并根据多年阅读的教学经验，以下就仔细阅读部分进行一个详细地分析。
第一部分 选择题型的篇章阅读理解
这部分是考生们最为熟悉的四选一的选择题。新老试卷最大的区别就是由原来的四篇文章二十道题目变为两篇文章十道题目。而其他无论是从选材的特点，文章的长度，出题的思路，解题的技巧都是秉承了传统，考生们还是应该根据历年的真题，好好复习。从样题看，主要还是考察考生们两大能力，即主题和定位。要求考生读完一篇文章之后，能够抓住文章的主题，然后根据题干中的中心词迅速返回原文定位到一句话，最后根据同义改写的原则，选出正确答案。
判定文章主题技巧
有的考生认为只要不考主旨题，就没必要了解文章的主旨。其实这是一种很狭隘的错误认识，因为即使不考主题题型，在任何题型当中，如果你感觉很茫然，找不到任何定位信息的时候，你所能抓住唯一的，最后一根救命稻草就是文章的主题，题目做多了，你就会发现哪个选项和文章的主题越是接近，就越是正确答案，所以能否判定一篇文章的主题对于解题是至关重要的。下面就寻找文章的主题谈一些技巧。
1) 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。根据我的统计，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成，当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重。
2) 关注一篇文章或者一段话中有没有重复出现的词或词组、有没有黑体字或者是斜体字。如果有，通常这就是文章的核心概念
3) 问句不会是主题句。问句通常作为过渡或者是引子，因此应该忽略，真正的主题应该是这个问题的答案。
4) 关注一些表征强转折关系的连词，如 “but, yet, however, in fact, indeed, practically, virtually”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。
5) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词，如 “in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, to sum”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。
6) 如果主题句含有show和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。
7) 掌握一些词组强调的重点，如 “not only…, but also ***, *** as well as …, more *** than …, less …, than *** (***为强调的重点)”。
第二部分 篇章层次的词汇理解 (Banked Cloze)
这是一种新题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，Banked Cloze考一篇长度为220个单词左右的文章，在文章当中去除了10个单词，后面有15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。新题型和原本的词汇题相比，更注重实际运用，从单一的一句话考察上升到篇章的理解。
解题步骤
1) 跳读全文，抓住中心
首先考生应该跳读全文，根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。
2) 阅读选项，词性分类
接着我们要仔细阅读选项。因为选项给我们的仅仅是一个单词，而非句子或者语段，所以考试难度就大大下降了。我们应该根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。
3) 瞻前顾后，灵活选择
然后我们在选择时，可以根据空格中应填入的词性，大大缩小选择范围。根据上下文的内在逻辑结构选择合适的选项填空。
4) 复读全文，谨慎调整
填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，也需要谨慎的微作调整。
解题技巧
1) 判定词性时可以重点分析动词的时态，即哪几个是一般时，哪几个是过去时又或者是过去分词。因为根据样题，它对考生不做选项改写要求，所以我们可以根据上下文时态对应的原则，给自己进一步缩小选择范围。
2) 如果选项中出现指代词时，往往该选项不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的条件。
3) 如果选项中出现一组反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解，要求考生理解整篇文章的语境色彩。
4) 如果选项中出现一组近义词时，往往也有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
5) 如果选项为连词时，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果，并列平行，递进，强对比，前后意思一致等。
6) 要有总体观，不必按顺序作题。先把自己最有把握的词选出，然后删除该选项，为吃不准的选项缩小选择范围。
样题解析
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English .Education soon became a 47. “I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.
A) wonder I) hid
B) acquired J) prominent
C) consistently K) decent
D) regained L) countless
E) nightmare M) recalled
F) native N) breakthrough
G) acceptance O) automatically
H) effective
首先我们跳读全文，抓住文章的中心。整篇文章通过Roberto的成功例子来论证双语教育的好处。我们重点分析一下第一段，首段主题是Roberto由于不懂英语，给他产生了重大的负面作用。
然后把选项进行归类，其中名词有E, G, N；动词包含A, B, D, I, M. 其中只有A为一般时，其余都是过去时；形容词包括F, H, J, K, L. 其中J和K意思相近；副词为C, O。
接着我们再读原文，第47题明显应该填入一个名词，而选项中名次只有三个，我们会发现这道题目从15选1的难度已经降为3选1了。根据下文 “I couldn’t understand anything”知道上文必应填一个不好的词，那只有选E。第48题，首先这里要填一个动词，后半句出现了 came 和 thought，为了保持时态一致，该动词应该为一般过去式，只有 B 、 D 、 I 、 M 符合；其次，从意思上理解， hid from 有隐瞒、躲避某人的意思，所以该题答案选 I。确定后就可以把这两个答案从15个选项中划去，以降低以后选项的难度。大家可以根据这个方法轻松搞定后面的8个空格。
最后我们再复读全文，发现文章非常流畅通顺，也就标志着我们大功告成了。
我们正处于一个变革的年代，物竞天择，适者生存，我们更需要的是与时俱进！希望各位考生加入我们的队伍，一起挑战四级710，梦想有多高，你就能飞多远！让四级考试最终成为你的骄傲，你的光荣，你的辉煌！
四六级冲刺必备：83组易混淆拼错的英文单词
2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响
3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行
4) angel 天使 angle 角度
5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记
6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛
7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则
8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的
9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文
10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打
11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下
12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水
13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近
14) costume 服装 custom 习惯
15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的
16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的
17) abroad 国外 aboard 上（船，飞机）
18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变
19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音
20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役
21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓
22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式
23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续
24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物
25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房
26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴
27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳
28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉
29) clash （金属）幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏
30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从
32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照
33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事
34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛
35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹
36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水
37) emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来的移民
38) excess n 超过 exceed v超过 excel 擅长
39) hotel 青年旅社 hostel 旅店
40) latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激
41) immoral 不道德 的 immortal 不朽的
42) lone 孤独的 alone 单独的 lonely 寂寞的
43) mortal 不死的 metal 金属 mental 神经的 medal 勋章 model 模特meddle 玩弄
44) scare 惊吓 scarce 缺乏的
45) drought 天旱 draught 通风, 拖 拉 draughts (英)国际跳棋
47) assure 保证 ensure 使确定 insure 保险
48) except 除外 expect 期望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免除
49) floor 地板 flour 面粉
50) incident 事件 accident 意外
51) inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望
52) march 三月, 前进 match 比赛
53) patent 专利 potent 有力的 potential 潜在的
54) police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治
55) protest 抗议 protect 保护
56) require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得
67) revenge 报仇 avenge 为……报仇
68) story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店
69) strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严格的
70) expand 扩张 expend 花费 extend 延长
71) commerce 商业 commence 开始
72) through 通过 thorough 彻底的 (al)though 尽管 thought think 过去分词
73) purpose 目的 suppose 假设 propose 建议
74) expect 期望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀疑
75) glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落
76) steal 偷 steel 钢
77) strive 努力 stride 大步走
78) allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避
79) prospect 前景 perspective 透视法
80) stationery 文具 stationary 固定的
81) loose 松的 lose 丢失 loss n 损失 lost lose过去式
82) amend 改正, 修正 emend 校正
83) amoral unmoral immoral 同义 不道德的
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第六课
23. A Letter to the University
President about the Canteen
Service on Campus
January, 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
I am a sophomore from Department 3 and I am writing to you about the food and service in the canteen on campus.
To solve the problem, I suggest that another canteen be built and a mechanism of competition be introduced between the old and the new. Besides, both the canteens should be subject to the students' supervision.
...Therefore, I sincerely hope this letter can draw your attention to the matter and I hope the problems mentioned above can be solved as soon as possible.
Yours respectfully
Li Ming
注：chairman 主席
一、事情的起因；
二、与书店交涉的经过；
三、呼吁服务行业提高服务质量。
邀请信
January 12th, 2003
Dear Sir/Bush,
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
注：假设你是李明，是学校英语俱乐部的主席，俱乐部近期要举行一次演讲比赛，请给本校
外教布什先生写一封信，请他来做评委。
English Club 英语俱乐部；judge 评委；native speaker 外教
earnestly 诚恳地；request you 请求您；do somebody a favor 帮某人一个忙
present 出席；happen 恰好；wedding 婚礼
第二节
邀请信
January 12th, 2003
Dear Sir/Bush,
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
注：假设你是李明，是学校英语俱乐部的主席，俱乐部近期要举行一次演讲比赛，请给本校
外教布什先生写一封信，请他来做评委。
English Club 英语俱乐部；judge 评委；native speaker 外教
earnestly 诚恳地；request you 请求您；do somebody a favor 帮某人一个忙
present 出席；happen 恰好；wedding 婚礼
24. A Letter of Application
for a Job
January 12th, 2003
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am responding to your advertisement in China .Daily on January 10th , 2003, which invites applications for interpreters. Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.
I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.
Thank you for considering this application.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
Thank you for considering this application.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
注：interpreter 口译员；roast duck 烤鸭
（58页）第八篇、第九篇 改错
（51页）真题 改错 02年6月 （52页）02年1月
（53页）01年6月 （54页）00年6月 （55页）00年1月
（64页）03年6月
respond 回信；software engineer 软件工程师；resume 简历
interview 面试；be obliged 感激；afford 提供
整个第二段，从三个方面入手：学习、社会活动和工作经验。
第三节
24. A Letter of Application
for a Job
January 12th, 2003
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am responding to your advertisement in China .Daily on January 10th , 2003, which invites applications for interpreters. Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.
I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.
Thank you for considering this application.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
Thank you for considering this application.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
注：interpreter 口译员；roast duck 烤鸭
（58页）第八篇、第九篇 改错
（51页）真题 改错 02年6月 （52页）02年1月
（53页）01年6月 （54页）00年6月 （55页）00年1月
（64页）03年6月
respond 回信；software engineer 软件工程师；resume 简历
interview 面试；be obliged 感激；afford 提供
整个第二段，从三个方面入手：学习、社会活动和工作经验。
改错
Directions:
In each passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you cross out a word, put a slash (/) in the blank.
注：改错错误类型有三种：
1、语法错误；
2、搭配错误；
3、逻辑错误。
改错题的做题规则：看清楚Direction的要求。
不可能考的错误：
1、标点
2、拼写
3、词义辨析
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature
of our periods. Many of the argument 1.time/times/age having used for the study for literature as a 2.
school subject are valid for ∧ study of television.
3. the
按照词性顺序说明语法有关的考点：
1、名词：单复数
2、动词：（作谓语）时态、被动语态
Do you mind my smoking？你介意我抽烟吗？
分词主要是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
及物动词和不及物动词（55页第10题）
第四节
Directions:
In each passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you cross out a word, put a slash (/) in the blank.
注：改错错误类型有三种：
1、语法错误；
2、搭配错误；
3、逻辑错误。
改错题的做题规则：看清楚Direction的要求。
不可能考的错误：
1、标点
2、拼写
3、词义辨析
按照词性顺序说明语法有关的考点：
1、名词：单复数
2、动词：（作谓语）时态、被动语态
Do you mind my smoking？你介意我抽烟吗？
分词主要是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
及物动词和不及物动词（55页第10题）
3、形容词、副词（比较级、最高级）（54页第3题）
重要 important
4、代词一致
5、数词（基数词和序数词）
（53页第2题）分数的表达要用基数词和序数词
虚词：
介词、连词、冠词。
引导定语从句的连词有which和that
错误按照考的比例排在前5位的是：
1、单复数
2、时态
3、关系词
4、冠词
5、分词
Passage 4
When you start talking about good and bad manners
you immediately start meeting difficulties. Many
people just cannot agree what they mean. We asked a
lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a
well-mannered person on the way they occupied the 1.
space around them—for example, when such a person
walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of 2.
others. Such people never bump into other people.
However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. 3.
Instead, this other person told us a story, it he 4.
said was quite well known, about an American who
had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the 5.
countries of the Middle East. The American hasn't been 6.
told very much about the kind of food he might expect.
If he had known about American food, he 7.
might have behaved better.
Immediately before him was a very flat piece of
bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin(餐 8.
巾). Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it
falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been 9.
watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied 10.
the action of his guest.
And that, said this second person, was a fine
example of good manners.
注：constantly 一直、总是
bump into 撞上
逻辑错误通常是正反错误，而且往往是有没有否定前缀。（通常一篇至少有一个）
tell 告诉、区别、辨别
which 属于关系词
that和which的区别：逗号后面只能用which
介词后面只能加which
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第五课
19. Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
According to the graph, the rise and fall of the rate of car accidents in Walton City varies with
the seasons. From January to March last year it increased by 45%, from March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate; and from June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease, and this makes us optimistic that car accidents are declining in Walton City.
注：rise 升；fall 降；drop 掉下来；decline 下降；soar v 大幅度上升
rocket v 大幅度上升；previous 以前的，前面的；steep 大幅度的（相当于sharp）
steady 稳定的，逐步的；At the same time 同时
图表题的写作思路：
1、描述变化
2、说明原因
3、总结
2003年6月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes of the Ownership of Houses.[WTBZ] You should write a t least 150 words, and base your composition on the chart and outline (given in Chinese) below:
1．请描述图表中房屋产权的变化。
2．请说明房屋产权变化的原因。
3．请描述房屋产权变化对个人和社会的影响。
2002年6月
Directions:
For this part , you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words , and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week
1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；
2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
19. Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
There are three reasons for this improvement. First, new traffic regulations have made
drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.
注：factor；a number of
A number of factors account for the changes, but the following ...
第二节
19. Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
There are three reasons for this improvement. First, new traffic regulations have made
drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.
注：factor；a number of
A number of factors account for the changes, but the following .
图表题
考研同学在3年中变化的图表
The number of students attending post graduate entrance exams
It can be seen from the graph that there have been sharp increases in...
witness n 目击者，见证人
v 看见
preposition 介词
twice 两倍
double 两倍
In 1993,the number nearly double...
In 2003,much more students try to pursue one's post
graduate studies.；pursue 追求
scholarship 奖学金；visa 签证
图表题特殊的可能，图也有可能是图画。
图表： 船 鱼 污水 水管
overfish 捕捞过度
第三节
图表： 船 鱼 污水 水管
overfish 捕捞过度
It can be seen from the pictures that the number of fish is related to/has to do with overfish
and pollution...
on one hand,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
decline 下降；giant 巨人；enormous 巨大的；make money 赚钱
chemical factory 化工厂；save money 省钱；cost 成本
（五）书信题
2002年1月；2001年6月
bachelor 学士学位 单身汉
master 硕士学位 n 主人
doctor 博士学位 医生
post doctor 博士后
书信分成两个类别：私人书信和公务书信。
公务书信可以分成：申请、邀请、求职，祝贺、道歉、感谢，表扬、批评。
所有这八种类别的步骤：
1、简要说明事由；
2、说明具体理由；
3、再次申明目的。
2001年6月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during a weeklong holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出对度假安排的建议
3. 提醒应注意的事项
注：Great Wall 长城；Summer Palace 颐和园；the Forbiden City 故宫
show somebody around... 带某人逛...；camera 相机；umbrella 伞
2002年1月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
注：canteen 餐厅；sophomore 大二学生；senior 大四学生；freshmen 大一学生
第四节
2001年6月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during a weeklong holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出对度假安排的建议
3. 提醒应注意的事项
注：Great Wall 长城；Summer Palace 颐和园；the Forbiden City 故宫
show somebody around... 带某人逛...；camera 相机；umbrella 伞
2002年1月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
注：canteen 餐厅；sophomore 大二学生；senior 大四学生；freshmen 大一学生
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第四课
13. Brain Drain
Brain drain is a delicate problem with which this country is confronted. In the last ten years
or so, a lot of scientists and technicians have swarmed into developed countries for further studies or research work, let alone numerous promising students. And there are no indications that they will be back home before long. This country has paid the expenses of training them but lost them. How did that come about?
It seems that it isn't impossible to solve the problem. The scientists and the like can be
attracted back home so long as great importance is attached to the intellectual's deserving treatment and effective measures are taken to provide them with excellent pay and agreeable conditions.
注：so long as 只要； great importance is attached to... 重视
effective measures 有效措施
14. Treasure Water
The availability of water has been an important factor in China's growth. China is blessed
with large supplies of fresh water. Such mighty rivers as the Yellow, the Yangtse and the Songhua irrigate the farming land of thousands of miles along them. In addition, the development of industry and the water supply of big cities are made possible largely by vast resources.
注：Treasure v 珍惜.
15. How to Solve Energy Crisis
Man is faced with a big problem—the energy crisis, which is becoming more and more
serious. First, with the increase in the world's population, the demand for fuels is growing steadily. Second, the rapid development of industry and agriculture calls for an increasing amount of coal, oil and natural gas.
注：energy 能源；crisis 危机
1、面临
2、解决
Confronted with the energy crisis, we should take a series of effective measures to save
energy. For one thing, it is high time that people all over the world realized the severe fact that our natural resources have been fixed since the earth was created. For another, the governments of all countries are supposed to lay down the rules and regulations to restrict the amount of gas used by cars. Finally, scientific researches should be encouraged to work out efficient methods of saving fuels and to seek new sources of energy.
Personally, I believe that solar energy is a possible source of clean, inexpensive and abundant
energy. It does not pollute the environment and costs only as much as the installation of solar panels to absorb the sun's rays. Consequently. I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because solar energy will be able to help us to solve the energy crisis.
注：personally 就我个人而言；solar 太阳能
17. Physical Exercise
More and more people today are realizing the importance of regular physical exercise. In the
past, most people were involved in manual labour out in the fresh air of the fields. Nowadays a lot of people work in offices, spending most of their time indoors. In the evenings they usually sit watching TV or reading newspapers. Their daily lives don't provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. Therefore, they must devote part of their time to doing regular physical exercise.
注：两点提纲：
1、重要
2、方法
18. Information in the Modern Society
n the modern society, it is important to be well-informed. Success in many fields depends on
getting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. That is why we call the current age“the Information Age”.
There are many means of acquiring information which enable us to keep up with the step of social development. First, we read various books, newspapers ...
注：surf 冲浪
16. Fire Accidents in Big Cities
In recent years there has been a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities of our country.
Almost every day we see fire engines rushing through streets. Fires have not only resulted in heavy economic losses but also injured and killed many people.
What are the causes of fire accidents? Most of the fires are brought about by carelessness and violation of fire safety regulations. Others are due to the poor quality of home electrical appliances. ...
In my opinion, in order to prevent fires we should first of all foster people's sense of fire
prevention. The second thing we have to do is to increase the number of professional fire fighters, to whom regular training courses should be offered. Finally, we are to improve the existing fire engines and add more fire facilities to high-rise buildings. In this way, a reliable fire prevention system will be formed.
注：foster 培养；enhance 提高
How I Finance My College Education
After I came into the college, there is a question how I finance my college education.
There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the family's money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someone's family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank.
The government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through school's help. Of course we still put study in the first place. ...
注：finance n 金融
v 提供资金
第二节
How I Finance My College Education
After I came into the college, there is a question how I finance my college education.
There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the family's money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someone's family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank.
The government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through school's help. Of course we still put study in the first place. ...
注：finance n 金融
v 提供资金
How I Finance My College Education
Nowadays, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to finance
your college education has become a matter of concern for many. You can deal with in many ways. You can get all of the money from your parents. You can apply for a loan especially set up for college students. You can also acquire the money completely by yourself, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. In addition, you can ask your parents for most of it and earn the rest in your spare time in college, by doing a part time job.
注：get all of 得到；alpply for 申请；loan 贷款；acquire 得到
Part-time Jobs for College Students
There are some controversies on part-time jobs for college students. People who are against it
hold that the sole purpose of higher education is for the students to acquire knowledge. If they are engaged in part-time job they will be invariably distracted from their studies and as a result they can not fulfil the requirements mapped out by the State Education Commission. The writer, however, thinks that there are several advantages for college students involved in part-time jobs.
Firstly, part-time jobs provide opportunities for students to contact society so as to know the
situation of the talent market. For instance, if a student works as a part-time governess, he or she will know what kind of professionals are urgently needed by the market and this will help him to choose a future job. Secondly, there are some financial gains from part-time jobs. Since the reform was carried out, institutions of higher education have started to collect tuition fees from students. Needless to say this means another financial burden on parents. And part-time jobs can serve as a partial solution to this problem. Last but not least, part-time jobs can cultivate students' sense of independence.
（三）永恒话题
1997年1月
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1． 为什么“欲速则不达”？
2． 举例说明。
注：不劳无获 No pains，No gains.
熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect.
有志者，事竟成。Where is a will,where is a way.
Pride goes before failure. 骄必败.
1、解释
2、举例
3、总结
detail 细节
be patient 有耐心
To pull a young plant up what，and help it grow.
拔苗助长
The Chinese people were so eager to develop their economy,that they took some wrong measures.
10. Haste Makes Waste
By “Haste makes waste” is meant that one should do everything step by step. Even simple
operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task.
注：operation 事情，手术，操作
spoil 破坏
neglect 忽视，忽略
正反对比法
With a strong will, one can over come nearly all difficulties.On the contrary,Without a strong will, one can be easily defected by his failures.
make use of 利用
第三节
10. Haste Makes Waste
By “Haste makes waste” is meant that one should do everything step by step. Even simple
operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task.
注：operation 事情，手术，操作
spoil 破坏
neglect 忽视，忽略
正反对比法
With a strong will, one can over come nearly all difficulties.On the contrary,Without a strong will, one can be easily defected by his failures.
make use of 利用
Take English study for example. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never
hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good compositions.
注：command 掌握；similarly 同样道理
In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies
or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day.
注：in short 总而言之
laying a solid foundation 打下坚实基础
modesty 谦虚
review 复习，回顾；assess 估计
（四）图表题
1996年6月
The suggested title is:Car Accidents Declining in Walton City.
注：图表题一定不要大量机械的罗列数据，而要挖掘内涵。
From the graph，we can see that...
According to the graph...
第四节
（四）图表题
1996年6月
The suggested title is:Car Accidents Declining in Walton City.
注：图表题一定不要大量机械的罗列数据，而要挖掘内涵。
From the graph，we can see that...
According to the graph...
19. Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
According to the graph, the rise and fall of the rate of car accidents in Walton City varies with
the seasons. From January to March last year it increased by 45%, from March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate; and from June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease, and this makes us optimistic that car accidents are declining in Walton City.
注：rise 升；fall 降；drop 掉下来；decline 下降；soar v 大幅度上升
rocket v 大幅度上升；previous 以前的，前面的；steep 大幅度的（相当于sharp）
steady 稳定的，逐步的；At the same time 同时
图表题的写作思路：
1、描述变化
2、说明原因
3、总结
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第三课
Should Firecrackers Be Banned?
1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？
2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？
3. 我的看法
2. 造成：cause、lead to、result in sth. 、bring about、be
responsible for
First,setting off firecrackers leads to fires.Secondly it result in injuress to people.Finally it also brings about noise.
On the other hand, there are many people who say that firecrackers should be banned.
They point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. They also say that firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.
注：point out 指出；be responsible for 造成
On the other hand,there are many people who say that pets should be banned.They point
out that pets are responsible for nioses which disturb people's rest,and for injuries suffered both by the people who keep them by innocent neighbors.
My own point of view is that we should preserve the old custom of letting off
firecrackers, while at the same time making them harmless. We can do this by banning firecrackers from public places. In addition, we should restrict the setting off of firecrackers to festival days.
注：My own point of view is that we should be allowed to keep pets, while at the same time making them harmless.
1998年6月
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。
2.我认为数字和运气无关……
注：Some people believe that some number can bring them good luck.
For example in China the number eight is believed to be a number that can bring people good luck.Another example is the number six.
第二节
1998年6月
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。
2.我认为数字和运气无关……
注：Some people believe that some number can bring them good luck.
For example in China the number eight is believed to be a number that can bring people good luck.Another example is the number six.
There are people who believe that some numbers bring good luck, while others bring bad
luck. For instance, in China the number eight is thought to be lucky. Turning our attention to the West, we find that the number seven is considered lucky, but the number 13 is avoided like the plague.
注：认为：is thought、is considered
In spite of all these claims, most people would agree that there is little evidence that numbers
have any influence on our lives. In fact, they say, the reverse seems to be the case. ……In fact, they say, the reverse seems to be the case. For one thing, we might expect calculators to break down every time they note the number 13, and for another, although every week has seven days we know that not every week is lucky for us.
Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of
view. It is obvious that there is no scientific basis for the belief that there is a connection between luck and numbers. All in all, it seems to me to be superstition.
注：latter -> former；superstition 迷信；All in all, it seems to me to be a waste of time.
第三节
As a general rule, people like to help others, but there are occasions when you should say no
to requests for favors. For instance, it is better to refuse when a child pesters you for sweet food and drinks or for too many toys. Another example is when a relative asks you to use your influence to get him or her a bank loan or a work promotion.
注：pesters sb. for 缠着某人要……
However, we cannot ignore the fact that many people are reluctant to say no. They feel that if
they turn down a request from a relative or friend, they will cause ill-feeling within the family or become unpopular with their acquaintances. A notable case in point is when the boss asks them to do something which they feel is unreasonable.
注：2004年1月 “Reduce waste on campus”
we cannot ignore the fact that many students are wasting food.
……Not throw them away, they revised the perservation date, and saled them again after several
days. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a
high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
1998年1月
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.假冒伪劣商品的危害 2.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品
注：把问题说清楚分成三步：
1、提出问题 2、分析问题 3、解决问题
Like most people, I welcomed the advent of the market economy. Nevertheless, it must be
admitted that, along with the benefits of the market economy, have come problems. In my opinion, the biggest problem is the large number of fake and shoddy goods, which are found all over the country and do great harm to society
第四节
1998年1月
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.假冒伪劣商品的危害 2.怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品
注：把问题说清楚分成三步：
1、提出问题 2、分析问题 3、解决问题
Like most people, I welcomed the advent of the market economy. Nevertheless, it must be
admitted that, along with the benefits of the market economy, have come problems. In my opinion, the biggest problem is the large number of fake and shoddy goods, which are found all over the country and do great harm to society
注：The existence fake commodities a complex problem, with which this society is confronted.
杰出:outstanding；急迫:urgent； nevertheless 然而 = however
It must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the internet, have come problems.
Fake and shoddy goods are harmful on two levels. Some people think that the quickest
way to make profits is by selling poor-quality commodities, and this undermines the nation's economy; at the same time, some fake and shoddy goods are bad for people's health. This makes consumers distrust the sellers, and the free market in general.
注：Fake commodities do harm to consumers' health.
I drank a bottle of water so I had a bad stomachache, so I went to see the doctor.
level：层面 (on)；aspects：方面 （in）
In view of the seriousness of this problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be
worked out to ban the manufacture and circulation of fake and shoddy goods. At the same time, consumers should be educated to identify sub-standard commodities. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before fake and shoddy goods become things of the past.
注：打击犯罪：crack down on；规定：regulation；制定：work out ；鉴别：identify
警觉的：alert；before -> for；become -> to become；“population explotion”
Population explotion is a complex problem with which…
分析问题、分析原因
失去控制：out of control
解决办法
In view of the seriousness of this problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be
worked out to control the birth rate.
At the same time, the people should be educated to one child policy/family planing.
At the same time, the people should be educated to carry out one child policy.
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第二课
必须改正的语法错误:
1.词性 success n succeed v
2.单复数：电脑很有用 Computers are very useful
3.冠词
4.时态：作文基本上以现在时为主。
5.代词一致
例：
If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again.
Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. ...... Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
②Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted.
注：virtue 美德；customer 顾客
①In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one's closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?
高分作文：
用词准确、句式多样，
推荐句式有，被动句 ： It is widely believed that...
呻吟句：I you we；compare come to the conclusion
A comparison of the two graphs leads us to the conclusion that
非人称主语句、复合句、并列句
复合句中共有六种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句： ,+which 非限制性定语从句
1) Motor vehicles discharge large amounts of exhaust fumes. They seriously pollute the air in the city.
Motor vehicles 机动车；discharge 排放；exhaust fumes 尾气
They→,which
注：computers are very cheap. Almost every family can buy one.；so that
computers are so cheap that almost every family can buy one.
第二节
作文中注意：
1、不要用口语词 （You konw. wanna. gonna. hay ……）
2、不要用生僻词
搭配共分为四种：
第一种：形容词+名词（大幅度的增长 — a sharp increase ）
第二种：动词+名词 （犯罪 — commit a crime ）
（达到目的 —achieve a goal）
第三种：动词+副词（大幅度地增长 — increase sharply）
（大幅度地增长 — increase dramaticly）
第四种：动词+介词（或+小副词 up down out off）
( break out/down/into/through)
例：
We often can meet with soming happened cause by people who are not honest. For example, Now we take the bus need carry cents own, and when you upstairs the bus, you should put the cent into the money box.
注：soming 改成 something；happened cause 改成 caused；cent 改成 changes / coins
when we take the bus, we need carry coins own,
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some
other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
注：人们的 观点 不一致：
people's opinion differ.
When it comes to reading, people's opinion differ.
第三节
全真试题—Unit 1
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as
many as bad books.
注：由于是限制型定语从句，两个逗号应该去掉。
认为：think,believe,argue,claim,hold
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of
books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.
注：but 改成 however；the 应该去掉；who从句前后逗号应该去掉
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible.
By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
注：To my point 改成 in my opinion 或者 in my view；By 改成 In
就我而言，我认为：as far as i am consider
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.
注：more and more 改为 an increasing number of
第四节
1995年6月
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).
Should Firecrackers Be Banned?
1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？
2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？
3. 我的看法
注：传统：tradition、custom
1. Some people think that setting off firecrackers is a good thing.
Some people think that setting off firecrackers is beneficial. First it can add to atmosphere on festivals. Second it is a Chinese tradition.
Some people think that setting off firecrackers is a good thing. They say that it is an ancient Chinese custom which should be preserved. They also claim that firecrackers make festivals and holiday occasions more colorful and entertaining for both adults and children.
注：When it comes to setting off firecrackers,people's opinion differ.
简单句的扩展：拉长主谓宾，加上定状补。
First,pets can reduce our loneliness.
In the first place,pets such as dogs,cats,birds can reduce loneliness for both adults and children.
2. 造成：cause、lead to、result in sth. 、bring about、be
responsible for
First,setting off firecrackers leads to fires.Secondly it result in injuress to people.Finally it also brings about noise.
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第一课
1. practice 从现在开始到考试，规定至少写十篇作文；
2. input
3. vary：作文要强调的不是内容，而是语言。
注：practice n. 实行, 实践, 练习；input n. 输入,投入
逃税 cheat on tax flee tax(错误的表达)；vary 变化
例：
从图表中我们可以看出：在过去十年中，大学生花在电脑上的小时数是不断增加的。
In the past ten years, the number of hours a college student spent on the computer has been increasing.
上升，增长 ascend
It may affect his study if he spends too much time on the computer.
eyesight 视力； It may do harm to one's eyes.
对出题人的分析：
1.出题的内容
（1）关于大学生的话题；
How are Finance My College Education?；Reading Selectively or Extensively?
campus life 校园生活
（2）常见的社会问题。
The Changes in People's Diet；The Changes in the Ownership of Houses
Traffic Jams；Traffic accidentes；Motorcycles；private cars 私人小汽车
考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
How to Develop the World Economy?；非典 SARS
第二节
对出题人的分析：
1.出题的内容
（1）关于大学生的话题；
How are Finance My College Education?；Reading Selectively or Extensively?
campus life 校园生活
（2）常见的社会问题。
The Changes in People's Diet；The Changes in the Ownership of Houses
Traffic Jams；Traffic accidentes；Motorcycles；private cars 私人小汽车
考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
How to Develop the World Economy?；非典 SARS
2.出题的形式
六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。
根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，考的可能性很小。
给出关键词作文，只要你的作文中包含所给的词语就可以了。
car pollution；Nowdays cars cause serious pollution to the air.
So I prefer to go to school by bike.
(一)正反阐释题,比例35%；
(二)阐释原因、方法，描述危害题；
（三）永恒话题；Haste Makes Waste
（四）图表题;
（五）书信题。
3.要求：字数150，时间30分钟
试卷二上，改错和作文，应该集中精力先保证作文。
5 + 20 + 5
5 审题和构思，审题要求看懂题目，大约1、2分钟即可，构思就是简单的勾勒一下自己可能写到的内容。
20 写正文
5 改错，不要整句都改，改一些细小的地方，比如说，单复数，时态等。
第三节
对出题人的分析：
1.出题的内容
（1）关于大学生的话题；
How are Finance My College Education?；Reading Selectively or Extensively?
campus life 校园生活
（2）常见的社会问题。
The Changes in People's Diet；The Changes in the Ownership of Houses
Traffic Jams；Traffic accidentes；Motorcycles；private cars 私人小汽车
考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
How to Develop the World Economy?；非典 SARS
2.出题的形式
六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。
根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，考的可能性很小。
给出关键词作文，只要你的作文中包含所给的词语就可以了。
car pollution；Nowdays cars cause serious pollution to the air.
So I prefer to go to school by bike.
(一)正反阐释题,比例35%；
(二)阐释原因、方法，描述危害题；
（三）永恒话题；Haste Makes Waste
（四）图表题;
（五）书信题。
3.要求：字数150，时间30分钟
试卷二上，改错和作文，应该集中精力先保证作文。
5 + 20 + 5
5 审题和构思，审题要求看懂题目，大约1、2分钟即可，构思就是简单的勾勒一下自己可能写到的内容。
20 写正文
5 改错，不要整句都改，改一些细小的地方，比如说，单复数，时态等。
对改卷人的分析：
1.字体
字迹清楚、段落明朗 ： 先总后分 连词用上；写完检查 然后欣赏
关联词
In the first place, first of all, to begin with,
in the second place, furthermore, moreover, for one thing, for another, what's more, what's worse；finally；last but not least；Will spring be far behind if winter has come?
一般要求3段
只写一段者：0～4分；只写两段者：0～9分(指规定三段的作文)
② I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict......
5分
注意文章各段的开头
graph：
从上面的图表中 from the above graph= from the graph above= from above the graph
为什么很多大学生喜欢读小说？
Why so many college students like reading novels?= Why do so many college students like reading novels?
语义上要高度概括
实例一
2003年1月Range-finders
It Pays to Be Honest
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。
2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
第四节
实例一
2003年1月Range-finders
It Pays to Be Honest
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。
2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
注：It Pays to Be Honest 诚实是有回报的
show→showing；show→that show/which show；product→products
honest→honesty；teach sb. to do sth.；honest→to be honest；economic→economy
①In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one's closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist? ......
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well.
②Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
③With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly.
注：economic→economy；industry→society；competitive→competition
obvious→fierce；increasingly；performance→phenomena
action behavior dishonest people
必须改正的语法错误:
1.词性 success n succeed v
2.单复数：电脑很有用 Computers are very useful
3.冠词
4.时态：作文基本上以现在时为主。
5.代词一致
爆雨之后牛B公交!!!!
爆雨下归下...公交开归开...乘客"坐"归"坐"...牛的一比了!
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中国准备对国际软件巨头发起反垄断诉讼 价格歧视使我国盗版横行
6月11日，记者从权威人士处获悉，国家知识产权局的人正联合研究机构，对国际软件巨头的市场垄断行为进行调研，有可能在2008年8月1日《中华人民共和国反垄断法》正式实施后，组织相关企业对其进行反垄断诉讼。站在国家利益的角度，国际大软件厂商在中国确实存在垄断威胁，一方面他们通过捆绑方式排挤竞争对手，另一方面通过复杂的定价策略形成价格歧视，间接上造成国内软件市场盗版率过高。
国家知识产权局副局长张勤表示：“中国盗版率不可能这么高，盗版率问题已经被国外机构妖魔化了。”
6月11日，记者从权威人士处获悉，国家知识产权局的人正联合研究机构，对国际软件巨头的市场垄断行为进行调研，有可能在2008年8月1日《中华人民共和国反垄断法》正式实施后，组织相关企业对其进行反垄断诉讼。
据该人士透露，针对这些软件巨头的反垄断诉讼主要集中在两点：一是歧视性价格，如部分国际软件商的操作系统和办公软件在中国内地的售价，较美国本土价格高出许多；二是利用它们自己在操作系统、办公软件文件格式方面的垄断地位，捆绑销售软件，扼杀本土企业的生存空间。
20% PK 82%
2008年5月14日，商业软件联盟(BSA)发布IDC第五次全球PC软件年度盗版研究报告。报告中称：2007年中国的PC软件盗版率在前三年下降10个百分点之后，连续第二年维持在82%的水平，仍大大高于全球38%的盗版率。
BSA方面称，中国软件盗版率之所以与2006年相比没有明显的变化，主要是由于2007年底，IDC发现地方PC组装厂商(又称“白牌机”厂商)所销售的PC数量比先前统计的要高出25%，而这些“白牌机”相对于品牌机更多地安装了非法软件，由此给2007年盗版率的数字带来影响。
与之针锋相对的是，BSA公布调查结果仅仅两周，国内机构——互联网实验室也发布了《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》，报告中的数据却大相径庭。
互联网实验室的报告显示：与2006年相比，单从盗版软件市值来计算，2007年中国软件产业的盗版率又下降了4个百分点，仅为20%；而以套数计算，软件的盗版率则下降了11个百分点至41%。
据了解，从1994年至2004年的十年间，BSA对中国软件盗版率的调查数字一直在90%以上，2005年至2007年期间在82%~86%之间，虽整体有所下降，却仍高居世界软件盗版的榜首。
对此，国家知识产权局副局长张勤表示：“中国盗版率不可能这么高，盗版率问题已经被国外机构妖魔化了。”
被“妖魔化”的盗版率
一个是82%，一个是20%。为何同样是软件盗版率，两者公布的数据却相差十万八千里？
中科院计算所工程院院士倪光南对BSA调查报告的准确性和调查方法及计算方法的可靠性提出了质疑。他表示：“(对于市场调查结果)国内外两方都应公开言及方法和数据，但遗憾的是，BSA并没有这样做。”
互联网实验室董事长方兴东分析，虽然BSA没有主动公开其统计方法，但通过其公布的信息来看，BSA的调查范围只限于PC软件(包括台式机、膝上型电脑、便携式电脑，不包括掌上电脑和用做服务器的电脑)，BSA的方法只向用户调查软件装载数量，用统计资料或专家访谈获取其他数据，通过间接的方法计算盗版率。
“BSA这种非公开、不透明的统计数据，像一座大山一样压在了中国人身上。由于2005年以前中国的软件盗版率一直由BSA一手掌握，而其强大的公关宣传也起到了很大的促进作用。因此，多年来BSA的数据一直被认为是客观公正而又独一无二的，中国成了世界上盗版最猖獗的国家，政府饱受问责。”方兴东对BSA的“无赖”做法表示愤慨。
他在接受记者采访时认为，软件“自由化”是行业的发展趋势，就数量而言，人们日常工作、娱乐中的电脑软件80%甚至90%是免费的，比如炒股用的大智慧，上网用的MyIE，看电影用的影音风暴，打字用的紫光输入法，都是免费软件。而在服务器系统软件(如IBM)、行业应用软件(如SAP、金蝶、用友等)方面，盗版率几乎为零。所以，指责中国软件市场盗版率高达82%，明显与事实不符。
“BSA是一个会员组织，它的经费主要来自于从打击盗版中获得的提成，仅2002年就获得8000万美元收入。所以，BSA的报告很多情况下是站在国际大软件商的立场说话的。以操作系统盗版率为例，他们是以国内每年装机数量为分母，减去微软在国内销售的正版视窗系统做分子算出来的，并未考虑Linux等开源软件的份额。”一位国内软件业人士向记者道破天机。
数据影响了立场还是立场影响了数据
据方兴东介绍，由于互联网实验室与BSA间的统计数据相差巨大，他们曾在发布《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》前邀请BSA方面一同探讨交流，但“BSA一直没派人过来”。
随后，记者采访了BSA中国代表处的工作人员，询问他们对互联网实验室的《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》的看法。工作人员告诉记者：BSA的中国软件盗版率市场调查工作一直是委托给市场研究机构国际数据公司(IDC)来做，IDC提供英文报告给BSA美国总部，美国总部再将中国区部分内容传给代表处，BSA中国代表处只负责翻译工作。因此，数据解释还要通过美国总部对外发布，目前不会提供除报告本身之外的更多东西。
随后，该工作人员传给记者一份BSA的官方声明。声明中称“BSA欢迎包括互联网实验室在内的中国国内机构，从打击盗版、促进软件产业发展的目的出发，独立开展软件盗版研究。IDC的研究报告专注于个人电脑套装软件的盗版，而互联网实验室研究的是一个更广的软件市场的混合。BSA和其他机构共同携手推动知识产权保护工作，也愿意与相关各方就知识产权保护工作进行深入沟通，交换意见，共同为推动中国建立一个健康的软件市场环境而努力”。
“BSA和互联网实验室是‘各为其主’，BSA的背后支持者是国际大软件商，而互联网实验室的市场调查，实际上是受国家知识产权局委托的一个课题。所以，很难说是数据影响了立场，还是立场影响了数据。”业内知情人士这样评价。
该人士认为，站在国家利益的角度，国际大软件厂商在中国确实存在垄断威胁，一方面他们通过捆绑方式排挤竞争对手，另一方面通过复杂的定价策略形成价格歧视，间接上造成国内软件市场盗版率过高。
“一套视窗系统零售价1000元-2000元，一套OFFICE软件套装零售价4000元-5000元，加起来比一台电脑的价格还高。国际厂商一方面利用垄断地位制订出高得离谱的正版软件价格，另一方面又指责中国人版权意识低下，这种现象并不正常。随着《反垄断法》的正式实施，政府和企业有义务也有权利予以纠正。”该人士表示。
国家知识产权局副局长张勤表示：“中国盗版率不可能这么高，盗版率问题已经被国外机构妖魔化了。”
6月11日，记者从权威人士处获悉，国家知识产权局的人正联合研究机构，对国际软件巨头的市场垄断行为进行调研，有可能在2008年8月1日《中华人民共和国反垄断法》正式实施后，组织相关企业对其进行反垄断诉讼。
据该人士透露，针对这些软件巨头的反垄断诉讼主要集中在两点：一是歧视性价格，如部分国际软件商的操作系统和办公软件在中国内地的售价，较美国本土价格高出许多；二是利用它们自己在操作系统、办公软件文件格式方面的垄断地位，捆绑销售软件，扼杀本土企业的生存空间。
20% PK 82%
2008年5月14日，商业软件联盟(BSA)发布IDC第五次全球PC软件年度盗版研究报告。报告中称：2007年中国的PC软件盗版率在前三年下降10个百分点之后，连续第二年维持在82%的水平，仍大大高于全球38%的盗版率。
BSA方面称，中国软件盗版率之所以与2006年相比没有明显的变化，主要是由于2007年底，IDC发现地方PC组装厂商(又称“白牌机”厂商)所销售的PC数量比先前统计的要高出25%，而这些“白牌机”相对于品牌机更多地安装了非法软件，由此给2007年盗版率的数字带来影响。
与之针锋相对的是，BSA公布调查结果仅仅两周，国内机构——互联网实验室也发布了《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》，报告中的数据却大相径庭。
互联网实验室的报告显示：与2006年相比，单从盗版软件市值来计算，2007年中国软件产业的盗版率又下降了4个百分点，仅为20%；而以套数计算，软件的盗版率则下降了11个百分点至41%。
据了解，从1994年至2004年的十年间，BSA对中国软件盗版率的调查数字一直在90%以上，2005年至2007年期间在82%~86%之间，虽整体有所下降，却仍高居世界软件盗版的榜首。
对此，国家知识产权局副局长张勤表示：“中国盗版率不可能这么高，盗版率问题已经被国外机构妖魔化了。”
被“妖魔化”的盗版率
一个是82%，一个是20%。为何同样是软件盗版率，两者公布的数据却相差十万八千里？
中科院计算所工程院院士倪光南对BSA调查报告的准确性和调查方法及计算方法的可靠性提出了质疑。他表示：“(对于市场调查结果)国内外两方都应公开言及方法和数据，但遗憾的是，BSA并没有这样做。”
互联网实验室董事长方兴东分析，虽然BSA没有主动公开其统计方法，但通过其公布的信息来看，BSA的调查范围只限于PC软件(包括台式机、膝上型电脑、便携式电脑，不包括掌上电脑和用做服务器的电脑)，BSA的方法只向用户调查软件装载数量，用统计资料或专家访谈获取其他数据，通过间接的方法计算盗版率。
“BSA这种非公开、不透明的统计数据，像一座大山一样压在了中国人身上。由于2005年以前中国的软件盗版率一直由BSA一手掌握，而其强大的公关宣传也起到了很大的促进作用。因此，多年来BSA的数据一直被认为是客观公正而又独一无二的，中国成了世界上盗版最猖獗的国家，政府饱受问责。”方兴东对BSA的“无赖”做法表示愤慨。
他在接受记者采访时认为，软件“自由化”是行业的发展趋势，就数量而言，人们日常工作、娱乐中的电脑软件80%甚至90%是免费的，比如炒股用的大智慧，上网用的MyIE，看电影用的影音风暴，打字用的紫光输入法，都是免费软件。而在服务器系统软件(如IBM)、行业应用软件(如SAP、金蝶、用友等)方面，盗版率几乎为零。所以，指责中国软件市场盗版率高达82%，明显与事实不符。
“BSA是一个会员组织，它的经费主要来自于从打击盗版中获得的提成，仅2002年就获得8000万美元收入。所以，BSA的报告很多情况下是站在国际大软件商的立场说话的。以操作系统盗版率为例，他们是以国内每年装机数量为分母，减去微软在国内销售的正版视窗系统做分子算出来的，并未考虑Linux等开源软件的份额。”一位国内软件业人士向记者道破天机。
数据影响了立场还是立场影响了数据
据方兴东介绍，由于互联网实验室与BSA间的统计数据相差巨大，他们曾在发布《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》前邀请BSA方面一同探讨交流，但“BSA一直没派人过来”。
随后，记者采访了BSA中国代表处的工作人员，询问他们对互联网实验室的《2007年中国软件盗版率调查报告》的看法。工作人员告诉记者：BSA的中国软件盗版率市场调查工作一直是委托给市场研究机构国际数据公司(IDC)来做，IDC提供英文报告给BSA美国总部，美国总部再将中国区部分内容传给代表处，BSA中国代表处只负责翻译工作。因此，数据解释还要通过美国总部对外发布，目前不会提供除报告本身之外的更多东西。
随后，该工作人员传给记者一份BSA的官方声明。声明中称“BSA欢迎包括互联网实验室在内的中国国内机构，从打击盗版、促进软件产业发展的目的出发，独立开展软件盗版研究。IDC的研究报告专注于个人电脑套装软件的盗版，而互联网实验室研究的是一个更广的软件市场的混合。BSA和其他机构共同携手推动知识产权保护工作，也愿意与相关各方就知识产权保护工作进行深入沟通，交换意见，共同为推动中国建立一个健康的软件市场环境而努力”。
“BSA和互联网实验室是‘各为其主’，BSA的背后支持者是国际大软件商，而互联网实验室的市场调查，实际上是受国家知识产权局委托的一个课题。所以，很难说是数据影响了立场，还是立场影响了数据。”业内知情人士这样评价。
该人士认为，站在国家利益的角度，国际大软件厂商在中国确实存在垄断威胁，一方面他们通过捆绑方式排挤竞争对手，另一方面通过复杂的定价策略形成价格歧视，间接上造成国内软件市场盗版率过高。
“一套视窗系统零售价1000元-2000元，一套OFFICE软件套装零售价4000元-5000元，加起来比一台电脑的价格还高。国际厂商一方面利用垄断地位制订出高得离谱的正版软件价格，另一方面又指责中国人版权意识低下，这种现象并不正常。随着《反垄断法》的正式实施，政府和企业有义务也有权利予以纠正。”该人士表示。