英语语法中,如何区别介词和副词?
粗略来说,介词(preposition)用来介绍引出名词,比如He is at the station中的at是为了介绍引出后面的the station。介词就像一个介绍人一样介绍引出了后面的名词。
副词(adverb)用来修饰限定动词、形容词、副词、以及整句话(有些副词甚至还可以修饰名词),比如He jumped up中的up用来修饰前面的动词jumped。
单独一个词很难区分它是介词还是副词,因为比如上面的up既可以做副词也可以做介词。但是在句子中就容易一些了,删掉副词之后句子语法上还是正确的,但是删掉介词之后句子就说不通了或者意思全变了。比如上面的He jumped up删掉副词up之后成为He jumped,句子依然成立,只是没有up修饰之后jump的方向就不得而知了;但是He is at the station中的介词at一旦删掉之后成为He is the station之后就说不通了。
副词呢是用来修饰名词以外的词,因为修饰名词的我们通常叫形容词,那么就是其他的呢就叫副词。比如说 he studies English happily。happily就是副词修饰学习。快乐地学习,这里就是修饰study。He studies English。happily。I speak English very well。这里的very就是副词修饰well。well也是副词。修饰前面的speak。所以呢副词也可以修饰副词。类似于 I speak English well。所以修饰名词以外的词,我们通常都称为副词。
一般情况下:
介词,不独立,其后须有名词或代词伴随,其意义才完整、清楚,如:
in(在……里)—— in the room(在房里)
on(在……上面)—— on the desk(在桌上)
at(在……时刻)—— at three (三点钟)
at(在……地方的某一点)at the station(在车站)
还有of(……的,……当中),from(来自……)等介词。
副词,独立,自身意义完整,说明 ‘’ 程度‘’ 或 ‘’ 看法‘’ ,可回答 ‘’怎样,如何‘’的问题。所以,形容词,副词,动词,或整个句子,需要它时,须来请它。常见的有:often(经常),very(非常),seldom(很少),fast(快),slowly(慢),hard(努力),hardly(几乎不)等,如:
He runs fast. (他跑得怎样?快呀——程度)
He studies hard.(他怎样学习?努力——程度)
(1)主语+动词+in +宾语的,IN后面 名词不能放在中间爱你为介词
(2)主语+动词+in+名词=主语+动词+名词+IN, ,且宾语为代词,指能放在中间的为介词,
另外,副词可以单独作表语,介词不可以单独做表语
例如
Tom was not in .汤姆不在家.
in prep.在 ... 里;在 ... 地方;在 ... 期间;在 ... 方面;进入...里面;处于...状态;穿着...;以...的方式
(1)用作介词 (prep.)
I could feel the tension in the room.
我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。
They live in France.
他们住在法国。
The children are playing in the garden.
孩子们正在花园里玩耍。
The telephone was in the little study on the ground floor.
电话在底楼的小房书里。
The books are printed in Hong Kong.
这些书在香港印刷。
They are in research of this new technique.
他们正在研究这种新工艺。
He is a layman in economics.
他对经济学一窍不通。
I invited him in for a drink.
我邀请他进屋喝一杯。
I am sorry that my room is in such a mess.
不好意思,我的房间太乱了。
She looked so beautiful in her wedding dress.
她穿上婚纱看起来真美。
You have to pay in cash.
你得付现金。
We are trying to teach mathematics in a more interesting way.
我们正在努力尝试着用一种有趣的方式来教数学。
We all sat around in a circle.
我们围成一圈坐在一起
in adv.在家;入;进;向里;在某地;并入;在某种关系中
(2)用作副词
The door being opened, they came in at once.
门一打开,他们就马上进来了。
She opened the purse and put her wages in.
她打开钱包,把工资放了进去。
My wife won't be in until five o'clock.
我妻子要到五点钟才在家。
Is the ship in yet?
船到港了吗?
Summer is in.
夏天来了。
He is not in at the moment.
这个时候他不在家。
He opened the door and stepped in.
他打开门走了进去。
Evan found a photography shop, went in, and talked with the clerk.
艾凡找到一家照相馆,走进去和店员讲话。
She looked in the window and found a baby sleeping on the bed.
她朝窗户里看,发现有个婴儿在床上睡觉。
The manager is in before anyone else.
经理在别人来之前就到了
They are having a heated argument. You'd better not wade in.
他们讨论地很激烈,你最好不要介入。
He got in bad with his roommate.
他与室友相处得不好。